Dark circles under eyes

1. Lack of sleep 睡眠不足
    Not getting enough rest makes the skin pale, so dark blood vessels become more visible.
    睡眠不足会让皮肤变得苍白，使血管更明显，从而形成黑眼圈

2. Genetics 遗传因素
    Some people naturally have thinner skin or more pigmentation around the eyes.
    有些人天生眼周皮肤较薄或色素较多，更容易出现黑眼圈

3. Aging 老化
    Skin loses collagen and becomes thinner with age.
    随着年龄增长，皮肤胶原蛋白减少，皮肤变薄，黑眼圈更明显

4. Eye strain 眼睛疲劳
    Long screen time can enlarge blood vessels around the eyes.
    长时间看屏幕会导致眼周血管扩张，形成黑眼圈

5. Dehydration 缺水
    Lack of water makes the under-eye area look dull and sunken.
    身体缺水会让眼下皮肤显得暗沉和凹陷

6. Allergies 过敏
    Allergies can cause inflammation and darkening around the eyes.
    过敏会引起眼周发炎和色素沉着

7. Sun exposure 日晒
    Excess sun increases melanin production.
    过度日晒会刺激黑色素生成，加重黑眼圈

8. Poor diet 饮食不良
    Lack of nutrients like iron or vitamins can contribute.
    缺乏铁或维生素等营养会导致黑眼圈

9. Smoking and alcohol 吸烟与饮酒
    These damage skin and reduce oxygen supply.
    吸烟和饮酒会损害皮肤并降低氧气供应

10. Fluid retention 水分滞留
    Can cause puffiness and shadows under the eyes.
    水分滞留会导致眼部浮肿和阴影